油茶茶枯中茶皂素的提取工艺研究

摘要

油茶茶枯是南方地区一种常见的加工副产物,含有较高的茶皂素.茶皂素是工业生产中应用广泛的一种表面活性剂,性能优良,但目前茶皂素的提取工艺并不成熟.为了优化油茶茶枯中茶皂素提取的最佳工艺,提高油茶茶枯的利用率,该文以脱脂油茶茶枯粉末为原料,乙醇溶液作为浸提剂,以茶皂素的得率和含量作为提取效果的评价指标,通过单因子实验和正交试验探求油茶茶枯中茶皂素的最佳提取条件.结果表明：以提取时间、3％NaOH 添加量、乙醇浓度、料液比、温度和提取次数6个因素作为单因子,对油茶茶枯中茶皂素提取得率和含量进行研究,在单因子实验的基础上进行正交试验得到茶皂素提取的最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶17,乙醇浓度75％,提取温度81℃,提取时间88 min,3％NaOH 添加量2．5 mL(即每10 g茶枯粉末中添加0．075 g NaOH),提取次数2次.通过论证该结果表明,在最佳的提取条件下,提取得到茶皂素的最高含量为0．54 mg·mL-1,得率为21．35％.该实验方法添加了NaOH 后,在最佳条件下茶皂素的得率明显提高,对今后优化油茶茶枯中茶皂素的提取工艺具有很好的借鉴意义.%Camellia cake is a common by-product of processing,which contains high content of tea saponin.Tea sapo-nin is widely used in industrial production as a surfactant,which has excellent performance.But the method of extrac-tion technology is not mature currently.One new method was proposed in the article,which used defatted Camellia cake powder as raw material,ethanol concentration as extraction agent,the extraction rate and content of tea saponin as extraction effect evaluation index.In order to acquare the extraction rate and content of tea saponin from Camellia cake,six factors such as the influences of the extraction time,adding quantity of 3%NaOH,ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and times of extraction were studied.After single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimized conditions for extracting tea saponin were established by orthogonal experiments,which in-cluded that the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶17,ethanol concentration was 75%,extracting temperature was 81 ℃, extraction time was 88 min,adding quantity of 3% NaOH was 2.5 mL and extraction times were 2 etc.Under these conditions,the content of tea saponin from Camellia cake was 0.53 mg·mL-1 and the yield of extraction reached 21.35%.After adding the NaOH ,the yield of extraction improved significantly under the optimum conditions.The experimental method has good reference value for optimizing the extraction of tea saponin in the future.