快腐蚕沙对水稻生境及安全生长的影响

摘要

In this study, the self-developed silkworm excrement deodorant special preservative was used and the silkworm excrement was treated by field composting in order to realize safely silkworm excrement quick safety decomposing and utilization of cleaner fertilizer in paddy field and ecological nutrient of rice growth.The treated silkworm excrement organic fertilizer was applied as rice base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for the study on rice habitat and security growth under excrement fast-rotting.The results showed that the temperature of the compost after the silkworm excremen transformation promoter was increased rapidly, and could convert stinky organics degradation or conversion into antioxidants.The heater temperature showed that the temperature of 5 d during the treating 10 d could maintain above 60 ℃.Rapid decomposition process, could effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms and kill pathogenic microorganisms silkworm excrement.After the quick-rot, we conducted a safety test, the Escherichia coli showed a descending trend.The odor eliminated after 4-5 d silkworm excrement fast rot.After application of this fertilizer to paddy fields, leaf chlorophyll content was 30.9% higher at the tillering stage, nitrate reductase activity increased by 48.9%, root activity increased by 21.3%, dry matter increased by 26.5%.Paddy yield increased 10.8%-22.9% and paddy soil permeability increased.Silkworm excrement fast-rotting to promote security growth and health utilization of rice growth is a safe, ecological, and healthy method, and the application effect is good.%为了实现快腐蚕沙水稻安全生长与营养生态利用,该研究采用自主研发的蚕沙生物专用促腐剂,对蚕沙废弃物进行田间堆肥快腐处理,将处理后的蚕沙有机肥作为水稻基肥和分蘖肥施用,研究蚕沙快腐有机肥对水稻生态环境及安全生长的影响.结果表明:应用蚕沙生物促腐剂处理后的蚕沙废弃物堆体温度上升迅速,能将产生恶臭有机物降解或转化为抗氧化物.堆体温度显示,前10 d中有5 d温度保持在60 ℃以上,腐熟进程快,能有效抑制有害微生物生长,杀灭蚕沙病源微生物.蚕沙快腐后安全检测显示,大肠杆菌呈下降趋势,快腐4~5 d后臭味消除.稻田施用后,水稻分蘖期叶片叶绿素含量比对照高30.9%,硝酸还原酶活性提高48.9%,根系活力增加21.3%,根干物质增加26.5%.稻谷增产10.8%~22.9%,稻田土壤通透性增强.该研究结果表明快腐蚕沙能促进水稻的安全生长与营养健康利用,且应用效果良好.