合成了一种绿色多链季铵盐蒙脱石插层剂：N-甲基-N-乙基-N，N'-双软脂酸乙酯氯化铵（MEH），代替目前国内广泛使用的、难以降解的季铵盐蒙脱石插层剂：十八烷基二甲基氯化铵（D1821）。利用N-甲基-N，N'-二乙醇胺和软脂酸的酯化反应合成软脂酸双酯二乙醇胺，再利用氯乙烷季铵化合成了目的物MEH，研究了MEH的最佳合成条件参数，并采用活性污泥法检测了MEH的生物降解性。结果显示酯化反应的最佳工艺参数为：软脂酸：二乙醇胺的投料比为2.5砄1、温度为160℃、反应时间为4.5 h，在此条件下双酯含量达到70％以上。季铵化的最佳条件为：氯乙醇与酯化产物的投料比为1.2砄1、温度为80℃、反应时间为4 h，在此条件下季铵化率达到90％以上。一周以后MEH的生物降解率可达到90％以上，而D1821在同条件下的降解率仅为5％。 MEH合成成功，生物降解率远远高于D1821，理论上完全可以代替D1821。%A new surrogate , N-Methyl -N -ethyl -N, N'-diethyl hexadecanoate ammonium chloride ( MEH ) was synthesized to improve the biodegradability of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ( D1821 ) , most widely used as intercalator for montmorillonite.N -Methyl -N, N'-diethyl hexadecanoate amine ( MHA ) was synthesized by the esterification of N-Methyl-N,N'-diethanolamine with palmitic acid.The quaternization of MHA was carried out using aethyl chloride.The optimized conditions of these reactions and biodegradability rate were investigated.The optimized conditions of esterification were palmitic acid/N -Methyl -N, N'-diethanolamine =2.5/1, temperature 160 ℃, reaction time 4.5 h, at which condition , more than 70% of N -Methyl -N, N'-diethyl hexadecanoate amine was obtained.The optimized conditions of quaternization: diethanolamine/MHA=1.2/1 , temperature 80 ℃, and reaction time 4 h.Under that conditions , more than 90% of MHA was quaternized.MEH had a biodegradable rate higher than 90%after a week , but D1821 had only a 5%at the same conditions.Novel intercalator MEH was synthesized and had a excellent performance comparing with D 1821.
展开▼
