基于专利分析的中国海洋生物肥料发展现状与发展建议

摘要

[Objective]This study is to obtain the intellectual property status and confirm the research focus and development trends of domestic marine biofertilizer.[Methods] Domestic public patents on marine biofertilizer were searched and analyzed from annual number of patent application,regional distribution,fields of research,types of application agencies and word frequency.[Results]The amount of patents on marine biofertilizer is growing rapidly,especially Shandong province leads the country in the field of agricultural application of marine bioresources,and Guangxi is at the forefront of the country.The number of patent applications from enterprises is much higher than institutes and universities.62％ of the patents involved in the relevant process are the simple materialization of marine raw materials processing techniques,the others are the use of microbial fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis techniques.The word frequency analysis of all patents showed that algae was used most frequently as raw materials in marine biological fertilizer.[Conclusion]Although marine biological fertilizer has a broad market prospect,the research and application are still in the initial stage of the collection and utilization of raw materials.In-depth exploration and utilization of marine microbial resources can promote the upgrading of biological fertilizer industry.Guangxi owns abundant marine bioresources,also accumulates experience and foundation in microbiological industrial application.Researchers should make full use of marine microbial resources to enhance efficacy of original biofertilizer on the basis of utilization of marine materials to promote the development of green agriculture in Guangxi.%[目的]为了解国内海洋生物肥料的知识产权现状,明确海洋生物肥料的研究热点及其发展趋势.[方法]对国内有关海洋生物肥料的公开专利进行检索分析,主要从年度专利申请量、区域分布、技术领域、申请机构类型和词频分析进行数据整理.[结果]海洋生物肥料专利申请数量增长迅速,其中山东省在海洋生物资源农业应用领域领先全国,广西位于全国前列.企业在专利申请数量上远高于科研院所和高校.62％专利涉及的相关工艺为海洋原材料简单物化处理技术,其他的则为采用微生物发酵或酶解技术.专利词频分析表明,海藻是海洋生物肥料领域使用最普遍的原材料.[结论]海洋生物肥料市场潜力巨大,但其在应用上仍处于原材料收集利用的初级阶段,深入挖掘利用海洋微生物资源能够促进生物肥料产业的升级换代.广西拥有丰富的海洋生物资源,也有微生物工业应用的经验和基础,研发人员应在原有海洋生物利用的基础上,充分利用海洋微生物资源提升产品功效,促进广西农业绿色发展.