驾驶员产生事故倾向性的心理因素及易感基因分析

摘要

目的：研究驾驶员产生事故倾向性的心理因素及易感基因。方法采用病例对照研究方法，选取5年内发生3次（以上）责任事故的驾驶员46例为病例组（均为男性），另选择同期未发生交通事故的同性别、年龄、驾龄、驾驶车型等均衡可比的驾驶员46例为对照组。采用A型行为量表（TABP）和艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）量表进行心理评定；采用限制性片段长度多态性分析（ PCR-RFLP ）技术对候选基因5-羟色胺转运体基因启动子区（5-HTTLPR）进行基因型及等位基因检测。结果病例组驾驶员A型行为、精神质（ P）和情绪性（ N）因子得分均高于对照组（P均＜0．05），而掩饰性（L）因子得分低于对照组（P＜0．05）；驾驶员的年龄与外向性（E）评分呈正相关关系（P＜0．01）；驾龄与E、P、N及A型行为评分均呈正相关关系（P均＜0．05），而与L因子呈负相关关系（P＜0．05）。病例组与对照组间5-HTTLPR基因的基因型构成及等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）；经单因素及多因素logistic回归分析显示，精神质是驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素（P＜0．01），5-HTTLPR基因型及等位基因与驾驶员事故倾向性有关（ P＜0．05）。结论驾驶员A型行为、个性特征及5-HTTLPR基因与其事故倾向性有关；精神质是驾驶员事故倾向性的危险因素。%Objective To explore the psychological factors and susceptibility genes of the drivers ′accident proneness .Methods A case-control study was performed by using type-A behavior questionnaire ( TABP) and Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) scale.Forty-six male drivers who had 3 accidents or more in 5 years were in the case group ,and another 46 male drivers who had not accident in 5 years with similar age ,driver′s experience and vehicle type as the drivers in the case group were in the control group .The genotype and allele of 5-HTTLPR gene were detected by PCR-RFLP technique .Results The scores of type-A behavior questionnaire , psychoticism ( P ) and neuroticism ( N ) were significantly higher in the case group than those in the control group (all P<0.05),but lies(L) score for case group was lower than the control (P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between driver′s age and extroversion (E) score(P<0.01).The driver′s experience positively correlated with E ,P,N and type-A behavior scores (all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with L score (P<0.05).There were significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of 5-HTTLPR gene between case group and control group ( P<0.05 ) .Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that psychoticism was the risk factor for driver′s accident proneness(P<0.01),and 5-HTTLPR genotype and allele were associated with driver′s accident proneness(P<0.05).Conclusion Accident proneness of the drivers is associated with type-A behavior,personality traits and 5-HTTLPR gene.The psychoticism is the risk factor for driver′s accident proneness .