突发群体中毒的流行病学特征分析

摘要

目的 探讨突发群体中毒事件流行病学特点,为群体中毒的救治供科学依据. 方法 采用前瞻性方法,对该院1997~2011年救治的群体中毒的类别、宗数、时间分布和患病人数、性别、年龄等进行流行病学分析. 结果 1997~2011年共救治群体中毒事件161 起,伤亡人数1 351 人次;中毒事件包括一氧化碳中毒81 宗( 50.31%)、细菌性食物中毒48 宗(29.81%)、废气中毒22宗(13.66%)、有机磷中毒4宗(2.48%)、鼠药中毒3宗(1.86%)、植物中毒3宗(1.86%);发生最多的是一氧化碳中毒,其次为食物中毒;伤亡人数最多的是细菌性食物中毒,其次为一氧化碳中毒. 男女比例为1.19 :1;10~49岁占72 .91%. 各年度中毒事件呈不规则分布. 一氧化碳中毒多发生在12~2月,食物中毒多发生在7~9月. 中毒事件主发生在每日的0 :00~4 :00、20 :00~24 :00时段. 结论 群体中毒事件较常见,以一氧化碳中毒和食物中毒多见,发病具有季节性,就诊时间以夜间为主. 建立健全院前急救系统,完善预案并加强演练,建立中毒中心和急诊重症监护室是高抢救成功率的关键.%Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of group poisoning emergency,aimed at offering a scientific basis for the treatment of group poisoning.Methods A prospective analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of group poisoning patients in a hospital from 1997 to 2011,including types,number of group poisoning,date and duration distributions,number of poisoning patients, gender and age,was conducted.Results One hundred sixty-one cases of group poisoning emergency involving 1 351 casualties treated in the hospital from 1997 to 2011 included 81(50.31%) of carbon monoxide poisoning,45(29.81%) of bacterial food poisoning,22(13.66%) of exhaust gas poisoning,4(2.48%) of organic phosphorus pesticide poisoning,3(1.86%) of raticide poisoning and 3(1.86%) of plant poisoning.The top two poisoning emergencies were carbon monoxide poisoning and food poisoning.The largest number of casualties was observed in bacterial food poisoning,followed by carbon monoxide poisoning.The ratio of male to female was 1.19 :1,and the poisoning patients aged 10 to 49 years accounted for 72.91%.The poisoning emergencies presented an irregular distribution each year.The cases of carbon monoxide poisoning usually occurred in December to February,of food poisoning usually occurred in July to September.The poisoning emergencies mostly occurred between 0:00-4:00 and 20:00-24:00 every day.Conclusion Groups poisoning emergencies are common in the city,most of which are carbon monoxide poisoning and food poisoning,with seasonal incidence.The patients see a doctor usually at night. The keys to improving the success rate of rescue are establishing and improving the pre-hospital emergency system, perfecting plan and strengthening training,and establishing poisoning center and intensive care unit in emergency department.