Objective To investigate the medical consultation and family environment-related influencing factors of autistic spectrum disorder(ASD) in children.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 97 children with ASD to find out the features of abnormal behaviors and treatment of children with ASD before medical consultation,analyzing the impact of family environmental factors on the early-stage treatment of children with ASD(age<36 months).Results The median month age of abnormal behavior discovery was 31 months,the median month age of the first visit was 39 months,and the median month age of the first diagnosis was 43 months.ASD children with abnormal behaviors found by their parents accounted for 61.50%,as found by the relatives or surrounding neighbors accounted for 38.50%.Being unable to speak or language backwardness was the most common abnormal behavior which drew the guardian′s attention (39.18%).ASD children confirmed in the first visit accounted for 63.91%,as misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in the first visit accounted for 15.46%.High parental educational level,unanimous parental attitude to education,good family relationship,and child-rearing mainly by parents were the factors promoting the early diagnosis of ASD in children(P<0.05).Conclusion Abnormal behavior of ASD can be found in early childhood,but parents lack of awareness of ASD,resulting in the majority of children are not treated in time.The publicity of ASD knowledge should be strengthened to improve family environmental factors,thus promoting the early-stage diagnosis and treatment of ASD in children.%目的 了解孤独症(ASD)患儿的就诊情况并探讨其家庭环境影响因素.方法 选取ASD患儿97例,对其家长进行问卷调查,了解ASD患儿就诊前的异常行为特征及就诊情况,分析家庭环境因素对ASD患儿早期(36个月龄前)就诊的影响.结果 ASD患儿的异常行为被发现时的中位月龄为31个月,首次就诊的中位月龄为39个月,首次确诊的中位月龄为43个月.61.50% ASD患儿的异常行为由父母发觉,38.50%则由亲戚或周围邻居发觉;不会说话或语言落后常为引起抚养人重视的首个行为异常(39.18%).首次就诊时即确诊的患儿占63.91%,首次就诊时被误诊或漏诊者占15.46%.父母文化程度高、父母教育态度一致、家庭关系和睦、主要由父母抚养是促进 ASD 患儿早期就诊的因素(P<0.05).结论 ASD异常行为可在儿童早期被发现,但家长对ASD的认识不足导致多数患儿就诊不及时.应加强对ASD知识的宣传,改善家庭环境因素,以促进ASD儿童的早期诊断及治疗.
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