目的 调查江西省农村与城镇人群耐药结核分枝杆菌的分子特征,为针对性制定结核预防及治疗措施提供基础.方法 收集临床分离的结核杆菌,绝对浓度法检测其耐药性;多重PCR检测是否为北京家族菌株;15位点MIRU-VNTRs对菌株分型,计算不同来源结核杆菌的等位点差异、分辨率、成簇率及近期感染率.结果 共计收集了371株耐药结核杆菌,其中农村地区294株,城镇77株,农村与城镇人群的耐药结核菌无明显差异且都以北京基因型菌株为主;农村人群耐药结核菌的15位点MIRU-VNTR的HGDI值为0.996 9,城镇为0.993 5;所有菌株共产生了33个基因簇,成簇率为28.64％,城镇人群耐药结核传播感染率为15.58％,农村人群耐药结核传播感染率为18.03％.结论 江西地区农村与城镇人群间耐药结核菌无明显分子特征性差异,故两类人群结核的控制不必存在差异.%Objective To investigate the molecular characteristics of drug-resistant M tuberculosis in rural and urban population of Jiangxi Province, thus to provide more targeted prevention and treatment of TB. Methods The M. tuberculosis were isolated. Drug-resistance was tested with absolute concentration method. Multiple-PCR was applied to detect Beijing family strains or not. The 15 loci MIRU-VNTRs method was applied to genotype the strains. The allelic difference, resolution, clustering rate and recent infection rate were calculated.Results A total of 371 M. tuberculosis were collected, from 294 rural patients and 77 urban patients. The molecular characterization of these patients in country and urban had no significant difference in strains, among which was Beijing genotype the major clone. HGDI was 0.996 9 in rural patients, and 0.993 5 in urban patients. There were 33 clusters found from 371 strains, with the cluster rate of 28.64％. The tuberculosis transmitted rate in urban was 15.58％ and 18.03％ in rural. Conclusion There is no distinct difference in molecular characterization between the rural and urban drug-resistant tuberculosis in Jiangxi province.
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