玛曲县气候特征分析

摘要

The precipitation and temperature data from 1967 to 1999 in Maqu County were used to analyze the climatic characteristics in order to provide data service for ecological protection.The result indicated that the precipitation showed a decline tendency with fluctuation.The years with shortage precipitation accounted for 2/3 and the precipitation distribution ranged within 0 to 20% of average value.The years with sufficient precipitation accounted for 1/3 and ranged within 10% of average value.The annual precipitation depended on that in summer which accounted for 54.1% of the total and mainly in the period from April to September.The average annual temperature was 1.26 ℃ and showed an increasing tendency.It fluctuated greatly in 1996 and 1998.The average temperature variation was close to normal distribution.The maximum temperature and the highest rainfall appeared together in July.The warm season showed a prolonged tendency.%以玛曲县1967～1999年的降水量和气温进行统计分析,分析结果表明：玛曲县年际降水量具有下降趋势,在下降中呈现丰枯波动变化,引起气候向干旱方向发展;枯水年接近于分析年数的2/3,降水量主要分布于距平年份的0～20%;盈水年数稍大于分析年数的1/3,降水量分布于距平年份的10%以内;玛曲县33年内降水量主要取决于夏季降水,占全年总降水量的54.17%,集中于4～9月。玛曲县多年平均气温1.26℃,年际变化呈波动上升的趋势,1996年和1998年温度上升剧烈,增温异常;年内多年1～12月平均气温分布接近于正态分布,年内最高温与最高降水量一致,出现在7月,雨热同期。年内气温变暖时间提前,4月上旬变暖出现年代增多,变冷时间推后,由10月下旬转向11月中旬及下旬。