极地GNSS性能仿真分析研究

摘要

The polar region has attracted much attention of the world for its abundant natural resources and important strategic position there.The satellite navigation system can provide reliable observation datum for the real-time because it can provide precise results all the time and hardly be affected by the weather.This thesis simulates the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)satellite constellations (including BDS,GPS and GLONASS)with the STK software and discusses the navigation performance of BDS in the future.Then the visibility,the coverage of constellations,the changing patterns of elevation angle and the navigation performance of GNSS are analyzed in the Antarctic Research Stations.Focusing on the Arctic channel,virtual observation stations are established to calculate the distribu-tion of the DOP of GNSS.A deeper analysis of the navigation performance of the integrated navigation system has been done.The results show that GPS and GLONASS can basically meet the needs of polar navigation,GLONASS has a more stable navigation result in high latitude and the globalization of BDS Will provide new opportunities for polar research.With the application of integrated navigation system,the positioning accuracy of satellite naviga-tion in the polar will improve significantly and the range of choices of the elevation mask an-gle will be broaden.%极地地区丰富的自然资源以及重要的战略地位,引起了各国广泛关注。卫星导航具有精度高、受天气影响小、全天候导航等优点,能为极地实时导航提供可靠数据。本文利用 STK 软件仿真了 GNSS(BDS/GPS/GLONASS)的卫星星座,基于南极科考站数据分析了GNSS 卫星覆盖性、可见性、高度角变化规律以及多系统导航性能,通过在北极高纬度航道建立虚拟观测站计算了 GNSS 在北极航道的 DOP 分布情况,并重点研究了北斗卫星导航系统未来在极地地区的导航性能。结果表明,目前 GPS 和 GLONASS 基本能满足极地的导航需求,GLONASS 相对更稳定,BDS 的全球化将为极地科考提供新的契机。随着多系统导航的应用,卫星导航在极地的定位精度和可靠性将显著提高,也扩大了截止高度角的选择范围。