美国奥巴马总统“气候行动计划”解读

摘要

2013 年 6 月，美国总统奥巴马在华盛顿乔治城大学发表关于应对气候变化的讲话，发布了“总统气候行动计划”，重申到 2020 年美国实现在 2005 年基础上减排温室气体 17% 的承诺，并从减少温室气体排放、应对气候变化的不利影响和领导国际合作三个方面系统阐释了美国联邦政府将采取的一系列举措，这是迄今为止美国政府最全面综合的气候政策。通过分析和梳理该“气候行动计划”推出的背景、主要内容以及美国各界的反应等，指出了该计划的实质和存在的一些问题，包括在实施范围、执行力度、持续性和有效性等方面的局限性。%In June 2013, U.S. president Barack Obama unveiled the President’s Climate Action Plan, which reiterated his previous commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 17%below 2005 level by 2020, and released a series of actions and targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for the climate impacts domestically, and to strengthen its international leadership in addressing the issue jointly. The plan was considered to be the most comprehensive climate policy in the U.S. to date. The paper analyzes the background of the plan, summarizes the main contents and instruments in the plan, collects various views from different stakeholders on the plan, and concludes by pointing out the constraints and weakness of the plan.