There are two basic patterns in technology evolution: incremental and disruptive. Disruptive technologies can breakthrough traditional linear route, bringing revolutionary impacts to existing technological systems and markets, which have increasingly drawn attentions to more researchers. However, compared with studies of incremental-disruptive pattern, cross-disciplinary research has been delayed. This paper aimed to discuss important concepts relevant to disruptive technology, including its essence, conceptual features, relation with disruptive innovation, and nurturing of future disruptive technologies with a culture dish that includes integrated development of basic researches. The conclusion was that giving priority to allocations of resources in sciences of information, life, material, and physics could accelerate production of disruptive technologies.%当代技术进步呈现两种基本模式,即渐进性技术模式与颠覆性技术模式.颠覆性技术可以突破传统线性技术路线,对现有技术体系和市场结构产生变革性影响,日益成为各方关注的焦点.然而,相对于渐进-突变的纵向模式,横向学科交叉研究相对滞后.本文探讨了与颠覆性技术相关的重要概念,分析了颠覆性技术的内涵特征及其与颠覆性创新的关系,认为基础科学的交融发展是催生未来颠覆性技术的培养皿,并在结论中提出对信息、生命、材料和物质这四门科学优先配置资源将有助于颠覆性技术的产出.
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