页岩气开发水力压裂技术综述

摘要

Shale gas resource in the world is rich, but it hasn't been developed at so far because of extremely low permeability.Hydraulic fracturing technology, as one of the core technologies in shale gas development, is currently widely used in shale reservoirs reconstruction to increase production.This paper introduces hydraulic fracturing operation including fracturing design, fracture monitoring, fracturing fluids preparation and additives option, as well as fracturing technology including multi-stage fracturing, water fracturing, simultaneous fracturing, hydrojet fracturing, refracturing and so on in use and experiment in shale gas development in the USA.It analyzes the applicability of various fracturing techniques on the base of shale gas development case in foreign country and domestic fracturing technology.This paper holds that water fracturing is suited for China shale gas development at this stage,and water multistage fracturing could be used in thick shale reservoirs.Simultaneous fracturing is necessary of the large-scale shale gas development.%世界页岩气资源丰富,但由于页岩地层渗透率很低,目前还没有广泛开发.水力压裂技术是页岩气开发的核心技术之一,广泛用于页岩储层的改造.介绍了水力压裂作业的压裂设计、裂缝监测、压裂液配制和添加剂选择,以及常用的压裂技术,包括多级压裂、清水压裂、同步压裂、水力喷射压裂和重复压裂.结合国外页岩气开发的实例和国内压裂技术的应用情况,分析了各种压裂技术的适用性.研究认为,清水压裂是现阶段中国页岩气开发储层改造的适用技术,开采长度(厚度)大的页岩气井,可以使用多级分段清水压裂技术.同步压裂技术是规模化的页岩气开发的客观需要.