陕北土壤芽胞杆菌种类分布多样性研究

摘要

To investigate the distribution and diversity of Bacillus species in soils in the north of Shanxi Province , soil samples from 5 places were collected and microbial identification based on their 16S rDNA sequences were tested .The results showed that 31 strains from 19 Bacillus species were isolated and identified ,and some of which had not been reported in China .Phylogenetic tree was clustered based on the 16S rDNA sequence ,and our results suggested that the amounts of Bacillus species are different from their collected locations significantly .Especially , the number of Bacillus species in mausoleum was more than those in Hukou waterfall , Shihong temple and Baotashan pagoda .Furthermore ,the difference of the same Bacillus specie in the 5 collected places were different significantly ,and each one had a specific Bacillus specie .Our results suggested that there had an abundance of Bacillus in the north of Shanxi Province .%为了解陕北土壤中芽胞杆菌的种类及其多样性，将采集于陕北5个地点的土壤样品利用温度筛选法、稀释平板计数法进行芽胞杆菌分离，用16S rDNA基因测序法进行种类鉴定。结果发现，从采集的土壤样品中共分离到31株芽胞杆菌，共19种芽胞杆菌，其中部分菌株为国内少见报道的菌株。通过16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育树分析发现，分离的菌株基本上和模式菌株亲缘关系较近，在种的系统发育上也存在一定的交叉，各菌株间序列差异较小。对土壤样品中芽胞杆菌多样性的研究中发现，不同土壤样品中的芽胞杆菌含量差异明显，表现为采自洛川毛主席故居土壤样品＞采自黄陵黄帝陵墓土壤样品＞采自宜川壶口瀑布土壤样品＞采自富县石泓寺土壤样品＞采自宝塔山宝塔下土壤样品，每个土壤样品中同种芽胞杆菌的含量差异也较明显，每个采集地点都含有特有的芽胞杆菌，说明陕北土壤中芽胞杆菌较丰富。