不同施肥措施对烟地土壤养分流失及烤烟经济效益的影响

摘要

为减少植烟土壤养分的流失，实现肥料的高效利用与减少环境污染，研究不同施肥措施对植烟土壤氮磷钾养分的流失及烤烟经济效益的影响。试验结果表明：植烟土壤全氮和全磷流失量表现为常规施肥＋施用生石灰＋稻草直接还田＞常规施肥＋施用生石灰＞常规施肥＞常规施肥＋硝化抑制剂，常规施肥＋硝化抑制剂处理径流水中的总氮、总磷、总钾分别比其他处理的低13．16％～23．16％、10．72％～28．41％、24．01％～33．67％；对植烟土壤渗漏水中总氮、总磷、总钾的浓度的测定数据表明：常规施肥＋硝化抑制剂处理比其他处理明显减少，是遏制土壤养分流失的有效途径。同时，常规施肥＋硝化抑制剂处理能提高烤烟的产量、产值和均价，其产量（2702．40 kg·hm－2）、产值（50345．10元·hm－2）、均价（18．63元·kg－1）分别比常规施肥处理高399 kg·hm－2、10288．95元·hm－2和1．24元·kg－1。%To reduce nutrient loss, as well as environmental pollution, in the flue-cured tobacco fields, an experimentation on fertilization and economic evaluation for the operation were conducted.The results showed that the losses on N and P were in the order of:(conventional fertilization + unslaked lime + straw returning directly)> (conventional fertilization + unslaked lime) > (conventional fertilization) > (conventional fertilization +nitrification inhibitors).Compared to the other treatments,the (conventional fertilization + nitrification inhibitors) reduced the losses of N,P and K through the runoff water by 13.16%-23.16%,10.72%-28.41% and 10.72%-23.16%,respectively.The concentrations of N,P and K in the seepage also indicated that the (conventional fertilization + nitrification inhibitors)significantly reduced the nutrient losses,more than the other treatments.It appeared that the fertilization practice was an effective way for the loss reduction.Meanwhile,data on tobacco yield (2 702.40 kg·hm-2 ),total value (50 345.10 yuan·hm-2 )and average price on the market (18.63 yuan·kg-1 ) showed improvements over those obtained with the (conventional fertilization),i.e.,399 kg · hm-2 on yield, 10288.95 yuan· hm-2 on total value,and 1.24 yuan·kg-1 on market price.