玉米出籽率是影响果穗同化产物分配状况的重要指标,与单穗产量密切相关,研究其遗传规律对玉米高产育种具有重要的指导意义.本研究以出籽率存在显著差异的2个普通玉米自交系组配的P1、P2、F1、BC1、BC2、F26个世代为试验材料,运用主基因+多基因遗传模型分析方法进行分析.结果表明,玉米出籽率的遗传受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制;2对主基因和多基因的加性效应与显性效应均表现为增效,加性×加性互作、显性×显性互作、加性×显性互作、显性×加性互作等上位性效应均表现为减效;BC1、BC2、F2主基因的遗传率分别为54.05％、36.26％、48.83％,BC1、BC2、F2多基因的遗传率分别为26.45％、46.36％、31.43％,主基因+多基因总遗传率为81.13％;由此说明主基因与多基因在控制玉米出籽率遗传特性上都具有重要作用,以主基因遗传为主,非加性基因效应大于加性基因效应,同时环境因素对出籽率性状具有一定影响.本研究将为玉米出籽率性状的基因定位和选择育种提供理论指导.%The kernelling rate of maize is an indicator of the as similation product distribution of the plant.It closely relates to the kernel count on an ear of maize,or the plant yield,To understand the inheritance of maize would be of significant interest inbreeding high yield varieties.Six generations,i.e.,P1,P2,F1,BC1,BC2,and F2,from the cross L055 Qi319 were studied using the mixed major genesand ploygene inheritance model.The results showed that maize kernelling rate was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominance-epistatic effects as well as polygene with additive-dominant effects.The additive-dominant effects of the two major genes and polygene could increase the rate,while the epistatic effect decreased it.The major gene heritability of BC1,BC2,and F2 were 54.05％,36.26％ and 48.83％,respectively;while the polygene,26.45％,46.36％ and 31.43％,respectively.The combined heritability of major genes and polygene was 81.13％.They were all important on the inheritance of kernelling rate,which was mainly governed by the major genes,affected more strongly by the non-additive than the additivegene effect,and somewhat influenced by the environmental conditions.
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