不同栽培方式对紫苏生物量及精油产量的影响

摘要

To optimize Perilla frutescens cultivation , field experiments with a randomized block design were conducted .Effects of row spacing ,fertilization and planting by transplantation or seeding on the content and yield of essential oil of the plants were investigated .The rows were spaced 30 cm×20 cm ,25 cm×20 cm or 20 cm×20 cm . An organic fertilizer ,a compound chemical fertilizer and a mixture of the two fertilizers was applied .And ,either transplanting the seedlings or direct seeding to begin the plant cultivation was implemented .The results showed that planting density ,fertilization and transplanting or seeding significantly affected the biomass of upper part of the plants .The highest biomass yield of 12 056 kg·hm -2 was obtained under the combined conditions of high-density planting ,chemical fertilization and direct seeding .On the other hand ,the greatest content of essential oil in the plants ,up to 0.417%,existed with low-density planting .The oil yield was significantly affected by fertilization showing a maximum at 41.0 kg·hm-2,but it did not differ significantly by the varied planting densities .%为建立合理的紫苏栽培技术,采用田间随机区组设计,设置30 cm×20 cm 、 25 cm×20 cm 、 20 cm×20 cm等3个不同种植密度,设置有机肥、复合肥、混合肥(有机肥+复合肥) 3种施肥方式以及移栽、直播2种种植方式,探讨不同栽培方式对紫苏精油含量和产量的影响.结果表明,种植密度、施肥与种植方式显著影响紫苏地上部生物量,以高密度复合肥直播的紫苏生物量最高,为12 056 kg·hm-2;密度、施肥、种植方式显著影响紫苏精油含量,以低密度施用复合肥直播的紫苏精油含量最高,达0.417%;紫苏精油产量受施肥、种植方式影响,但在不同种植密度间无显著差异,以低密度混合施肥直播的紫苏精油产量最高,达41.0 kg·hm-2.因此,低密度、混合施肥、直播有利于紫苏精油高产.