Cell-SELEX技术在肿瘤诊治中的应用进展

摘要

Aptamers, selected by an in vitro process known as systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides with high selectivity, affinity and stability. Aptamers that can bind whole cells, especially cancer cells, are generated by a method called cell-SELEX. Compared with antibodies, aptamers possess many advantages,including wide range of targets, quick and reproducible synthesis, nontoxicity and lack of immunogenicity,easy and controllable modification to fulfill the recognition of cancer cells. Aptamers conjugated nanomaterials gain more flexibility as cancer cell targeting tools. In this review, we discuss the application of cell-SELEX-based aptamers in novel cancer biomarkers identification,cancer imaging, cancer therapy and enhanced targeting when conjugated with nanomaterials.%核酸适配体是运用指数富集的配体系统进化(systematic evolution of ligand by exponential enrichment,SELEX)技术从人工体外合成的随机寡核苷酸序列库中,经过多轮筛选后得到的单链DNA或单链RNA,具有靶标广泛、制备方便、稳定性好、无免疫原性等优点.细胞SELEX(cell-SELEX)是指将整个细胞作为靶标筛选特异性DNA适配体的技术,尤其适用于肿瘤细胞的核酸适配体筛选.本文简要介绍cell-SELEX技术获得的核酸适配体在肿瘤标记发现、肿瘤成像、肿瘤治疗及与纳米材料结合后用于肿瘤靶向研究的应用进展.