经皮自膨胀式肺动脉瓣植入术的长期随访

摘要

目的 评估经皮肺动脉瓣植入术(percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation,PPVI)的长期疗效及国产自膨胀式瓣膜(Venus-P)的耐久性.方法 选取2013年5月至2015年11月于复旦大学附属中山医院接受PPVI并完成1年以上随访的14名患者,其中男3例,女11例,平均年龄(35.8±7.8)岁,均为法洛四联症外科根治术重度肺动脉瓣反流患者.对14名患者的生存率、术后围手术期及远期并发症发生率、PPVI的远期疗效及Venus-P的远期功能进行评估.结果 14名患者平均随访(2.3±0.8)年(1.0～3.5年),术后死亡患者1例(6.7％).无心衰恶化、感染性心内膜炎、恶性心律失常等并发症,无患者再次手术.所有瓣膜位置固定,无瓣膜脱落、移位、支架断裂,无轻度及以上瓣周漏和瓣膜反流.术后6个月心脏磁共振测得右心室舒张末容积相比术前明显下降[(40.711±19.58)mL/m2 vs.(83.03±20.0)mL/m2,P＜0.05];术后1年随访超声心动图测得跨瓣压差为(20.85±4.45) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa);术后1年时NYHA心功能较术前提升1～2个等级(Ⅰ～Ⅲ级4人,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级10人),6分钟步行实验距离显著提高[(475.00±55.06) mvs.(594.23±194.51)m,P＜0.05];术后QRS波宽度有缩短趋势,术后1个月及3个月有显著差异[(169.93±21.34) ms vs.(159.87±24.4) ms及(160.00±27.07) ms,P均＜0.05].结论 使用国产自膨胀式瓣膜(Venus-P)介入治疗慢性肺动脉瓣反流具有较好的长期疗效和较低的并发症发生率,该瓣膜耐久性良好.%Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) and the durability of the home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P).Methods From May,2013 to Nov.,2015,14 patients who underwent percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University and received at least 1 year follow-up were enrolled,including 3 males and 11 females,with an average age of (35.8 ± 7.8) years.All patients with tetralogy of Fallot received radical resection and developed severe pulmonary regurgitation.The longterm mortality,the operation related complications,the short term and long-term effect of PPVI,as well as the durability and effect of the self-expanding pulmonary valve were evaluated in the 14 patients.Results Over an average follow-up period of (2.3 ± 0.8) years (1.0-3.5 years),only 1 patient died (6.7 ％).During the follow-up,no deterioration,infective endocarditis,malignant arrhythmia and other serious complications was observed,and nobody needed reoperation.There was no valve displacement,valve stent fracture,obvious circumferential leakage and pulmonary regurgitation.After PPVI,an acute improvement in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure was observed [(4.93 ± 3.37) mmHg vs.(11.47 ± 4.61) mmHg,P＜0.05].Six month postoperatively,right ventricular end diastolic volume measured by cardiac nuclear magnetic resonance was significantly reduced [(139.29± 18.21)mL/m2 vs.(83.03 ± 20.0) mL/m2,P＜0.05].At 1 year follow up,the across valve pressure difference were (20.85 ± 4.45) mmHg calculated by the echocardiography,and the NYHA cardiac function (Ⅰ-Ⅲ:4 cases;Ⅰ-Ⅱ:10 cases) was improved 1-2 degree and the distance of 6-minute walk test were significantly increased [(475.00 ± 55.06) m vs.(594.23 ± 194.51) m,P＜0.05].Meanwhile,the QRS duration decreased was also observed.The changes of the QRS duration have statistical significance after 1 and 3 months of the PPVI when compared with the baseline [(169.93 ± 21.34) ms vs.(159.87 ± 24.4) ms or (160.00 ± 27.0 ms,P＜0.05].Conclusions PPVI using home-made self-expanding pulmonary valve (Venus-P) for chronic pulmonary regurgitation has good long-term efficacy and low complication rate,and the valve is durable.