海南岛南渡江鱼类种类组成和分布现状

摘要

A series of field surveys were conducted on the whole Nandujiang River from 2016 to 2017, which is the largest and representative river in the Hainan Island, to investigate the species composition and distributional status of fish fauna in Hainan Island.There were 1249.79kg, 17755 fish samples were collected in this survey, including 136 fish species which belonged to 13 orders, 50 families and 108 genera.The results showed that the ichthyic integrity of the Nandujiang River was protected relatively well.Fish species in the survey accounted for 89.48% of the number for historical spe-cies.The number of species in Perciformes reached to 52, which was the largest number of species and accounted for 38.2% of the total species.Cypriniformes and Siluriformes were the number 2 and 3 families, which included 46 and 16 species, respectively.There were 27 new recorded fish species as fish species changes, including 11 exotic fish species such as Oreochromis niloticus, Oxyeleotris marmoratus, etc.Meanwhile, there were 43 species not found in this sur-vey.Losses of Cypriniformes and Perciformes were more serious and Cypriniformes has changed from number one order to the second order.For the fish distribution, the fish species were protected relatively well in the estuary area and the moun-tain area around upstream.Lingshan and Baishan, which located in estuarine and upstream, had most species, with the species of 73 and 60, respectively.%为了解海南岛河流鱼类种类组成和分布现状,2016-2017年对海南岛代表性河流——南渡江进行了全流域的采样调查.调查过程中共采集到鱼类样本1249.79 kg,共计17755尾,包含鱼类物种136种,隶属于13目50科108属.结果表明,南渡江鱼类种类保存相对完整,本次调查鱼类种数占历史总种数的89.48%;在鱼类区系上,以鲈形目52种居首位,占总数的38.2%,其次为鲤形目的46种和鲇形目的16种;在种类变化上,新出现27种,其中包括尼罗罗非鱼、云斑尖塘鳢等11种外来鱼类.同时也缺失43种鱼类,鲤形目和鲈形目缺失较为严重,鲤形目由历史的第一大目变为如今的第二大目;在鱼类分布上,以河口的灵山和上游山区的白沙鱼类保护最为完好,种类最多,分别为73种和60种.