创新型国家基础研究经费配置模式及其启示

摘要

创新型国家基础研究经费投入规模呈稳步上升趋势,基础研究经费占 R&D 经费比例普遍处于15%~25%之间.多数创新型国家基本形成以政府为主,企业、大学和非营利部门共同支持基础研究的多元化投入格局.尽管各国基础研究执行主体各异,但企业均对基础研究给予足够重视.从资助方式来看,主要创新型国家对基础研究一般都采取稳定性支持和竞争性支持相结合的方式.与典型创新型国家相比,中国存在基础研究经费占R&D经费比例不高,地方政府和企业对基础研究投入不足,高等学校R&D经费中基础研究经费占比偏低,基础研究经费长期依赖竞争性支持等问题.在此基础上,提出优化中国基础研究经费投入模式的政策建议.%The scale of investment in basic research funds in the innovation-oriented countries has steadily increased, and the proportion of basic research expenditure in R&D is generally between 15%and 25%.Most of the innovation-oriented countries form a diversified in-vestment pattern of basic research.Although the implement sector of basic research is different in each country, but business enterprises give adequate attention to basic research.From the point of view of funding, major innovation-oriented countries generally adopt a com-bination of stability support and competitive support for basic research.Compared with the typical and innovation-oriented countries, the proportion of basic research expenditure in R&D in China is not high, the local government and enterprises don't fund enough to basic research.The basic research expenditure as a percentage of R&D expenditure in colleges and universities is low, and the basic research expenditure relies on competition support for a long time.On this basis, the author puts forward some policy suggestions to optimize the allocation model of basic research funds in China.