大兴安岭盘古林场2种优势树种空间分布格局研究

摘要

Base on the data set of 10 sample fields investigation of the Great Hingan in 2011,spatial distribution pattern of 2 dominant species of larch and birch in Pan'gu forest stand was studied using four methods.The results showed that larch significantly aggregated distribution in the half-mature larch forest.As the forest stand developed to near mature forest and mature forest stage,the degree of aggregation decreased due to intense intraspecific and interspecific competition.Larch forest spatial structure among the age groups presented middle-aged forest> mature forest> nearly mature forest.Significant linear correlation was found between FSSI and FSSD vwith the linear regression model:FSSD=-1.201 3FSSI+144.03,R2=0.984 2(P<0.01).This indicated that both have a strong consistency in describing aspects of forest stand spatial structure.The distribution of spatial structure began to convert to uniform distribution from aggregating status in the process of the birch growing to over mature forest from the young forest.Middle-age forest had the highest aggregation degree.The distribution began to appear a tendency of converting from aggregating distribution to the uniform distribution in the nearly mature forest and it will completely convert into c the uniform distribution when the forest developed into the mature forest.The merits of the forest spatial structure of birch among the age group presented middle-aged forest > mature forest> nearly mature forest> young forest.Highly significant linear relationship was found between FSSI and FSSD also.The linear regression model was FSSD=-0.703 8FSSI+113.19,R2=0.998 5(P<0.01).This study provides a strong basis for determining rational and health forest management measures in future by studying natural larch and birch forest stands and their spatial distribution patterns of dominant species.%基于2011年大兴安岭林区外业调查数据中的10块样地数据,采用4种方法对大兴安岭盘古林场落叶松和白桦2种优势树种的空间分布格局进行研究.结果表明,在落叶松中龄林内,落叶松呈显著聚集分布;随着林分发展到近熟林和成熟林阶段,种内和种间竞争加剧,落叶松聚集程度明显下降;落叶松林各龄组间空间结构优劣表现为中龄林>成熟林>近熟林,林分空间结构指数(FSSI)和林分空间结构距离(FSSD)具有极显著的线性关系,FSSD=-1.201 3FSSI+144.03,R2=0.984 2(P<0.01),表明二者在表达林分空间结构的优劣性方面存在较强的一致性.白桦林从幼龄林发育为成熟林的过程中,林木的分布格局由聚集分布转化为均匀分布,中龄林内林木的聚集程度最高,在近熟林内林木开始出现由聚集分布向均匀分布转化的趋势;当发展到成熟林时完全转化为均匀分布;白桦林各龄组间空间结构的优劣表现为中龄林>成熟林>近熟林>幼龄林.FSSD=-0.703 8FSSI+113.19,R2=0.998 5(P<0.01),二者同样具有极显著的线性关系.通过研究天然落叶松林和白桦林优势种群及其空间分布格局,为日后制定合理的健康的森林经营措施提供有力依据.