综述了开展基于被动声学技术实现海洋生物测量的重要性；介绍了国内外被动声学技术用于海洋鱼类测量的研究背景、发展现状、存在的问题和发展趋势。列举了常用的被动测量设备以及被动声学数字信号处理方法，包括数据采集、预处理、端点检测、特征提取和识别技术；分析了采用上述测量技术可以研究海洋鱼类的栖息地、生活习性以及人类活动对鱼类的影响。通过列举石首鱼和鳕鱼的发声研究，提出今后被动声学技术研究的重点应集中于各种被动鱼目标特征库的建立和完善，鱼类、海豚等海洋生物的被动声辐射机理的分析，具有代表性的声特征参数以及鱼类发声和特殊行为之间的关联的研究。%This paper summarizes the importance of survey of marine organisms based on passive acoustics technology, introduces the research background, current situation, issues and tendency of marine fish survey based on the the technology, lists the common passive acoustics measurement equipments and digital signal processing methods, including data acquisition, preprocessing, endpoint detection, feature extraction and recognition technology, and analyses the potential application of above measurement technology on study of marine fish habitats, living habits and influence of human activities on the fish population. However, a lack of familiarity with the biology and passive acoustics knowledge has hampered the development of this technology. Through listing the sonic studies of Cynoscion nebulosus and Gadus morhua. the top priorities of passive acoustics technology study in the future are put forward, such as establishing the various passive fish feature library, analyzing the passive acoustic radiation mechanism of fish, dolphins and other marine organisms, studying on the typical acoustic feature parameters and relationship between fish sound and the special behaviors.
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