高海况漂浮物打捞网具的研究试验

摘要

A kind of fishing net was designed for safe salvaging drowning person and important floats in high sea state.The influence of factors such as the ship speed,fishing net opening and the draft depth of the salvage object on the performance of the fishing net was studied. Model test and simulating salvage operation were conducted to test the change of net force before and after the floating salvage object getting into the net,analyze the salvage object draft depth and the match conditions of the salvage objects into the net,the trawl speed for the floating object getting into the net,and the maximum impact force on the fishing net.Results show that the condition of the salvage object getting into the net is largely affected by the salvage object draft depth and the trawl speed of the ship.At a certain draft depth,when the trawl speed is greater than or equal to 2.5Kn,the salvage object can successfully enter into the net. However, when the drag speed is too fast, the vertical expansion coefficient would become smaller and is not conducive to net entering. The maximum impact force increases with the increasing of the trawl speed within the range of the test speed,and the maximum value is 27.84kN.The study shows that,the value of maximum impact force plays a guiding role in material selection, strength design of the fishing net,and calculating the structural strength of the net crane boom.%为在高海况下安全打捞落水人员和重要的漂浮物，设计了一种打捞网具。为此研究了打捞过程中船舶行进速度、网口高度、打捞物体吃水深度等参数对打捞网性能影响；通过网具模型试验，模拟网具打捞作业，测试网具在打捞体进网前后力的变化，分析了打捞物体吃水深度与进网匹配性、进网的拖网速度以及网具受到的最大撞击力等。结果显示，试验用打捞体的进网条件受其吃水深度和网具拖速的影响较大。在打捞体吃水深度一定时，打捞体可在拖速≥2．5 kn时顺利进入网内；但当拖速过大，网口垂直扩张系数越小，不利于进网。试验范围内的最大撞击力随着拖速的提高而增大，最大值为27．84 kN。研究表明，网具最大撞击力的参数值对网线材料的选择与强度设计、网具支撑拦截臂架的结构强度计算具有指导意义。