非洲马拉维湖拥有较世界其他湖白更高的鱼类生物多样性及数量,其种类构成了非常独特的淡水渔业资源.马拉维湖鱼类的种类达500-1000种,占到了全球淡水鱼类多样性的15％,其中一半的种类为特有种.特别是该湖独有的慈鲷科鱼类因其重要的地区性及国际性研究和旅游价值而广受关注.马拉维湖也因向众多的国家出口多样化的水产品及观赏鱼资源而备受赞誉.然而,多年来,随着捕捞努力量的加大及非法捕捞和非法渔具渔法的增加,许多极有价值的种类(如罗非鱼)的产量急剧下降.近几年湖区渔民、渔具和渔船的显著增加更使渔业资源几近崩溃.本论文评述了渔业资源对马拉维湖的重要作用、面临的不利影响、目前的渔业管理对策和未来可持续渔业的行动设想.%Fish species in Lake Malawi are extraordinary freshwater fishery resources,because their diversity and abundance is higher than that of any other lake in the world.There are 500-1 000 kinds of freshwater fishes in Lake Malawi,accounting for 15％ of global fresh water fish biodiversity,and about half of them are endemic.Especially,the cichlids are unique to Lake Malawi.These species are of both local and international scholarly importance and also act as a source of tourism attraction.The lake is famous for the diversity of food fish species and a variety of ornamental fishes exported to a number of countries worldwide.Over the years,the lake has witnessed the increasing fishing efforts as well as illegal fishery and fishing methods that have resulted into a sharp reduction in catch landings of most valuable fishes such as Oreochromis species.The numbers of fishers,fishing gears and crafts have significantly risen recently,bringing in fears of collapsing the lake fishery resources.This paper reviews the importance of fishery resources of Lake Malawi,the impacts suffered from some actions,the current measures of fishing management,and future actions for sustainable fishery.
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