隧道内火灾大小和火灾蔓延模拟研究

摘要

The heat release rate (HRR) of a fire in a tunnel is a crucial factor,both in terms of fire spread and smoke production.Key factors which influence the HRR are: (1) the nature of the burning item,(2) the tunnel geometry,(3) the ventilation conditions and (4) vehicle separation.This paper reports on work which has been undertaken over a number of years to model the dependence of HRR on these factors; the work is continuing.Specifically,Bayesian probabilistic models have been devised to model the dependence of the HRR of a fire on tunnel geometry and longitudinal forced ventilation and deterministic models have been devised to model fire spread from one item to another in a tunnel similar to the Channel Tunnel; again with longitudinal ventilation.Key interim results are presented.%隧道内火灾的热释放速率对火灾蔓延和烟气生成起着关键作用.影响热释放速率的关键参数包括:燃烧物特性、隧道形状、通风条件以及车辆流量.综述了几年来热释放速率对这些参数的依赖性所做的研究成果.设计了贝页斯概率模型来模拟火灾热释放速率受隧道形状以及纵向通风的影响,设计了定性模型来模拟火灾在类似海底隧道内从一个物体蔓延到另一个物体的情况,通风条件同样是纵向通风,并给出了此次研究的初步成果.