Background: Mycobacterium (M) chelonei keratitis is a rare opportunistic eye infection that can cause significant morbidity when not being treated properly. The first case was documented by Gangadharam et al in 1978 and since then, a total of 49 cases were reported in the literature. One alarming fact is that more than 50% of cases were found in the Chinese population and mostly reported in recent years. The key to successful management of M. chelonei keratitis is early diagnosis by high index of suspicion. In order to alert ophthalmologists of this condition, we report a typical case of M. chelonei keratitis and review the literature of all the reported cases with special reference to its risk factors, treatments and outcome.Methods: The cases reported in the literature and a case of our own were reviewed and analyzed.Results: Our case was a 42-year-old gentleman who developed M. chlonei keratitis following pterygium surgery. He had typical clinical features of irregular infiltrates with radiating
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