长治市某县乡镇集中式饮用水源水质健康风险评价

摘要

文章采用美国环境保护署（U.S.EPA）提出的水质健康风险评价模型,对长治市某县6处乡镇集中式饮用水水源水质进行评价,探讨了水体中所含污染物对人体健康潜在影响。结果表明,该县6处饮用水水源所含污染物对人体健康潜在危害均高于国际辐射委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受限值5.0×10-5 a-1;化学致癌物是该县饮用水中危害人体健康的主要风险来源,对人体健康危害的风险度排序为：Cr6＋﹥As﹥Cd。水环境健康风险评价模型较传统的水质等级评价体系能够量化表征水体中各污染物对人体健康的潜在危害,有利于明确水体污染物治理的优先顺序,为水环境管理提供科学依据。%In this paper,the model of health risk assessment proposed by U.S.EPA（United States Environmental Protection Agency） is applied to drinking water supply source in a county of Changzhi city and health risk of the pollutant in the drinking water supply source is discussed.Results indicates that the total health risk values were higher than the maximum allowed level（5.0×10-5 a-1） recommended by ICRP（International Commission on Radiological Protection）.The health risk caused by chemical carcinogen was significantly higher than those caused by non-carcinogen contaminations,and the ranking of risk values due to chemical carcinogen was Cr6＋﹥As﹥Cd.Compared to the traditional water quality assessment system,the health risk assessment can quantificationally connect water pollution to human health,put single indicator to human health directly and define the priority of controlled pollutants,which provides the scientific support for environmental management.