盐城海岸带景观格局与土地利用变化分析

摘要

Land use/land cover change(LUCC)is an important sector of geographical research on global change.Dynamic analysis on landscape spatial pattern is a key content of landscape ecology.Chongming Island is the world's largest alluvial island.Large-scale land reclamation and other human activities affected the function of tidal flats natural ecosystems severely.In this paper,Yancheng coastland was selected as the research object by combing the images in 1999 and 2009 with technologies of GIS and RS.The landscape spatial pattern index was adopted to analyze and research the change of land use and landscape spatial pattern in the decade.This study showed that there is almost no change in agricultural lands.The forests,ponds,areas of water bodies and agricultural settlements increased continuously,while areas of tidal flats reduced dramatically and urban areas developed slowly.The matrix in the landscape of Yancheng coastland is agricultural lands.The fractal dimension index of class level and landscape level are both closed to 1,which indicated that the impact degree of human activity was high.Furthermore,it showed the trend of aggravation from 1999 to 2009.With the increasing pressure from human activity,the landscape diversity decreased slightly and uniform degree increased.%土地利用/土地覆被变化（LUCC）是当前全球变化研究的重要内容,而景观空间格局动态分析则是景观生态学研究的核心内容之一。盐城海岸带是人类干扰强度较大的区域,自然湿地被大面积围垦,围垦后的土地不断被改变为不同的土地利用类型。本文选择盐城海岸带为研究区域,利用GIS和RS技术对1999年和2009年卫片和航片进行了提取、分类和分析,并计算了景观格局指数,分析了近10年来土地利用及景观格局变化。结果表明：耕地基本没有变化,林地、养殖池、河流水体、农村居民点等不断增加,潮滩大大减少,城镇发展缓慢。盐城海岸带的景观基质是耕地,景观和类型尺度上的分维数都接近于1,表明盐城海岸带受人类活动影响较大,而且有加剧趋势。随着人类活动程度的加剧,景观多样性稍有下降,均匀度上升。