黑龙江省土地退化类型特征及其驱动力分析

摘要

With the development of economy and increases of resource exploitation, the environment and ecological functions in Heilongjiang Province are becoming more fragile, and the land degeneration is very serious. The land productivity decreases dramatically. Heilongjiang is a very typical region in China for research of the land resource status and controlling strategies of land degradation, which will accumulate information and experience for the controlling theory and practice. By analyzing the characteristics of land degeneration in Heilongjiang Province and discussing the driving force of land degeneration from natural and social aspect, this paper proposed some countermeasures to prevent the land degeneration. The types of soil degradation in Heilongjiang Province are mainly soil erosion, soil desertification and soil salinization. Soil degradation is the result of combination of natural factors and personal factors. The natural factors included complex terrain factor, serious soil erosion and the inharmonious combination of natural factors. The personal factors are unreasonable use of water resources, the destroyed vegetation, serious soil and water loss, Irrational cropping system and soil management.%随着经济发展，资源开发规模和强度不断加大，黑龙江省的生态环境日趋脆弱，生态功能逐渐减弱，土地退化问题十分严重。本文分析了黑龙江省土地退化的主要类型特征，并从自然与人文两个方面对黑龙江省土地退化的驱动力进行了探讨，并提出相应的对策建议。黑龙江省土地退化主要表现为水土流失、土地沙化、土地盐渍化等方面，其土地退化是在地形地貌复杂、土壤侵蚀、自然因素组合不够协调等自然因素和水资源的不合理利用、破坏植被，水土流失严重、不合理的耕作制度等人为因素双重作用的结果。