In this paper, ecological compensation mechanism of Qingshuihai water source conservation area of Kunming City is discussed, providing reference for construction of ecological compensation mechanism. Theories of ecological compensation in combination with the actual status of Qingshuihai water source area are analyzed. The subjects of compensation are the nation, the companies and the residents in the benefited area. The objects are these who provide protection for water resources and ecological environment, the companies and the residents who abandon their development opportunities. The standard of compensation is based on cost analysis, including investment in protecting water resources, building up shelter belts to protect the headwaters of rivers, managing water resources and forests, etc.. The short-term compensation mode is a combination of fund-based compensation and policy-based compensation. In a long term, it would be transformed to eco-policy-based compensation. Priority of compensation should be given to the pollution control measures with highest efficiencies, reconverting farmland to forests, and soil testing and formulated fertilization, followed by industrial restructuring and water resource management. The compensation time limit should be determined on the basis of the effects obtained from ecological compensation, and the status of eco-industrial development and ecological quality of the water source area. Government finance should be the primary source for compensation fund, complemented by the market. The results indicate that the subjects and objects, mode, standard and time limit of the ecological compensation should be identified according to the actual status of Qingshuihai water source conservation area. Guarantee mechanism should also be established and supervision management of compensation fund should be strengthened accordingly. Moreover, quantitative research of ecological compensation should be further developed and basic research of ecological compensation of Qingshuihai water source conservation area should be improved so as to promote the mechanism construction.%就昆明市清水海水源区生态补偿机制进行探讨，以期为生态补偿机制的建立提供借鉴。生态补偿理论结合清水海水源区实际分析。补偿主体是国家、受水区的企业和居民，客体是水资源和生态环境的保护者，以及牺牲发展机会的企业和居民；补偿标准以费用分析法计算，包括水资源保护、水源林建设和管理等方面的投入；补偿方式近期以输血型和造血型补偿结合，远期逐步向生态造血型补偿转变；优先补偿效率高的污染防治措施、退耕还林和测土配方，其次为产业结构调整和水资源管理；补偿时限结合补偿取得的成效、水源区生态产业发展和生态质量状况来确定；补偿资金以政府财政为主、市场为辅。结果表明：应结合清水海的实际，确定生态补偿的主客体、方式、标准和时限，建立生态补偿的保障机制，加强对补偿资金的监管。进一步开展定量化研究，完善清水海水源区生态补偿基础研究，促进生态补偿机制的建立。
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