于桥水库流域污染负荷估算和管理效果评估

摘要

于桥水库流域非点源污染已成为政府高度关注的热点问题之一.使用非点源污染负荷模型PLOAD,以流域数字高程模型(DEM)、2010年土地利用现状图和不同土地利用的污染物输出系数等作为模型主要输入数据,结合流域现场调查监测等方式,对于桥水库流域的TN和TP污染负荷进行估算,分析污染物的空间分布特征,模拟实施不同管理实践下的流域TN和TP削减率.结果表明,于桥水库流域内TN和TP污染负荷分别约为223.4、19.5 t/a,分布特点为"南部高于北部,河流和水库沿岸污染较重".综合管理实践对TN和TP的削减率分别为24.49%、27.23%,其中农村人畜粪便管理、生态移民等的去除效果较显著.%Non-point source pollution of Yuqiao Reservoir was of great concern to the government.The PLOAD model was employed to estimate the TN and TP loads generated from various land use in the watershed.The datasets included digital elevation model (DEM),land use data of 2010 and pollutant export coefficient data,which were collected from the literature and field investigation.Several single management practices as well as the combined practice were designed,and their pollution load removal rates were estimated by the model.The results showed that the TN and TP pollution loads of Yuqiao Reservoir watershed were 223.4 and 19.5 t/a,respectively.The pollution load was higher in the southern areas than in the northern areas,and the higher load was distributed around the rivers or the reservoir.The removal rates of the TN and TP pollution loads of the combined management practices reached 24.49% and 27.23%,respectively.Among the single practices,the human and animal manure management in rural areas practice,ecological migrants practice and so on were efficiency.