玉米秸秆基改性生物质活性炭对Cd的吸附特性

摘要

以玉米秸秆为原料,制备了生物质活性炭(以下简称生物炭),用HNO3、NaOH、沸水、四氢呋喃(THF)对其进行改性,并比较了不同生物炭对Cd的吸附特性,对沸水和 T HF滤液进行了光谱分析,结果显示:随着Cd初始浓度的增加,玉米秸秆基生物炭及改性产物对Cd的吸附量大体增强;Cd初始质量浓度超过25.0 mg/L时,吸附量表现为碱改性生物炭> 未改性生物炭> T HF改性生物炭> 沸水改性生物炭> 酸改性生物炭.NaO H通过改变玉米秸秆基生物炭表面官能团和元素构成,增强了其吸附能力.HNO3使玉米秸秆基生物炭孔隙带正电荷,从而抑制了对Cd的吸附.沸水和 T HF从玉米秸秆基生物炭孔隙中溶出了有利于吸附反应的部分表面官能团,从而降低了其对Cd的吸附能力.随着Cd初始浓度增加,玉米秸秆基生物炭对Cd的吸附量大体增加,滤液pH大体降低.用玉米秸秆基生物炭处理污水中的Cd时,建议用碱改性法来提高其吸附能力.%Corn straw based activated biocarbon was prepared and modified with HNO3,NaOH,hot water and tetrahydrofuran(T HF).Adsorption capacities of original and modified activated biocarbons to Cd,as well as spectrum of filtrate of hot water and THF modified activated biocarbons were tested.Result showed that adsorption capacities of activated biocarbons increased with the concentration of initial Cd solution.The order of adsorption capacities was NaOH modified activated biocarbons>original activated biocarbons> THF modified activated biocarbons >hot water modified activated biocarbons > HNO3modified activated biocarbons when initial Cd exceeded 25.0 mg/L.NaOH enhanced the adsorption capacity of original activated biocarbon by changing the surface functional group and elemental contents.HNO3inhibited the adsorption by charging the surface of activated biocarbon with positive charge.Hot water and THF scoured off some surface groups which were favorable for adsorption,thus the adsorption capacity was declined greatly.pH of filtrate declined with the increase of adsorption capacity to Cd when the initial Cd concentration increased.Result suggested that NaOH modification method was preferred to enhance the adsorption capacity to Cd when corn straw based activated biocarbons were available.