研究不同施肥方式下东北玉米单作种植体系氮磷流失规律,可为该地区农田面源污染防控及生态保护提供技术参考.试验设置农民习惯处理、优化施肥处理、秸秆还田处理和有机肥化肥混施处理,采用自然降雨条件室外模拟方法,分析不同施肥处理对东北玉米种植区径流淋溶氮磷流失的影响.结果表明,在东北地区玉米单作模式下,多雨年份优化施肥处理与农民习惯处理相比可降低15.8% 的总氮流失负荷,降低7.3% 的总磷流失负荷;秸秆还田处理可明显降低22.9% 的总氮流失负荷及15.1% 的总磷流失负荷;有机肥化肥混施处理降低总氮流失负荷13.6%,但增加总磷流失负荷13.9%;氮磷流失负荷以泥沙流失为主,淋溶流失其次.结合作物产量,在多雨年份,优化施肥处理和秸秆还田施肥处理是防控东北玉米区农田面源污染和保证作物产量的理想施肥方式.%The non-point characteristics of different fertilization method by natural rainfall in the maize continuous cropping system in Northeast China were studied in order to provide theoretical evidence for non-point pollution control and ecological environment protection.Four kinds of fertilization were adopted in the outdoor stimulation experiment,which were farmer conventional treatment,optimized fertilization,straw returning treatment and manure mix treatment,to analyze the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus loss by runoff and leaching in Northeast China.The results showed that in continuous maize crop system in Northeast China,compared with farmer conventional treatment in richer rainfall year,the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss of optimized fertilization treatment decreased by 15.8% and 7.3%;that of straw returning treatment reduced by 22.9% and 15.1%;the total nitrogen loss load of manure mix treatment decreased by 13.6%,but the total phosphorus loss increased by 13.9%. The nitrogen and phosphorus loss was mainly resulted from sediment loss,followed by leaching loss.As a consequence,in richer rainfall year,combining with the crop yield,optimized fertilization treatment and straw returning treatment were the ideal fertilization method,which can both reduce non-point pollution of farmland in Northeast China and guarantee crop production.
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