重庆市住宅楼环境电磁辐射的初步测量与分析

摘要

初步探测重庆市住宅楼环境电磁辐射的现状及其影响因素,为建立人居环境电磁场特征数据库提供依据.按照国家标准的要求和方法,在重庆市选择4个典型居住小区,分别测量各小区住宅楼不同楼层电梯门口或楼梯间以及各住宅楼楼顶的电磁辐射水平,结果表明,本次横断面调查中,在1MHz ～ 40GHz频段,各栋楼的综合场强为17.13 ～ 17.18V/m,已接近GB 8702 - 88 《电磁辐射防护规定》的公众照射导出限值,各楼层间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在5～ 1000Hz频段,各栋楼楼内综合场强分布差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而临近高压线的住宅楼楼顶综合场强明显高于其他小区楼顶以及同一栋楼其他楼层的综合场强(P＜0.05),并且该楼各楼层的磁场强度明显高于其他住宅楼(P＜0.05).所测住宅楼的环境电磁辐射水平未超出国家相应标准限制,不同楼层电磁辐射水平与极低频辐射源的分布有关.%To preliminarily investigate the status quo of environmental electromagnetic radiationlevel and its influencing factors in urban residential buildings of Chongqing, and to provide basis for establishing characteristic database of residential environmental electromagnetic radiation. According to the methods of national standards, four typical urban residential communities were selected, the level of electromagnetic radiation was measured at elevator entrances or in staircases of different floors, and the roof of the residential building in each community. The results showed: in this investigation,within the wave of 1MHz ~40GHz, the range of comprehensive electrical field strength of each building was between 17. 13V/m to 17. 18V/m, which was close to the standard level determined in GB 8702 - 88 regulation for electromagnetic radiation protection. The comprehensive electrical field strength among floors showed no significant difference (P > 0. 05 ) . Within the wave of 5 ~ 1000Hz, thedifferences distribution of comprehensive electrical field strength in each building were not significant ( P > 0. 05 ) ; but the comprehensive electrical field strength of the roof near the high - voltageline was significantly higher than that of the other roofs andthe rest floors in the same building ( P < 0. 005 ) , and the distribution of magnetic strengthof this building was significantly higher than that of other buildings (P < 0. 005). The environmental electromagnetic radiation in those residential buildings measured does not exceed the relevant national standard limits. The electromagnetic radiation level on different floors relates to the distribution of the source of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation.