通过对淮河流域河南段开展野外调查及室内监测，分析河流水生植物类群组成及优势物种，从多样性、丰富度、优势度、均匀度4个方面对水生植物进行健康评价，采用CCA分析法探讨影响水生植物的关键环境因素。结果表明，淮河流域河南段共有水生植物38种，隶属于25科33属，分布广泛的优势种为芦苇、水花生、金鱼藻、轮叶黑藻、水蓼、水鳖、篦齿眼子菜。针对健康评价结果，淮河流域河南段水生植物呈现病态到健康状态。分析表明河流生态系统遭受破坏，生态系统呈现不稳定状况，主要原因为水质污染及人为活动干扰强烈。根据水生植物分布与水环境因子CCA响应关系研究，影响水生植物的主要因子为TP、COD、pH、电导率、氨氮。%On the basis of field survey and laboratory measurement, the species composition and dominant species of aquatic plants in Huaihe river basin Henan section was analyzed in this study. The community diversity index, richness index, dominance index and evenness index of aquatic plant were used to evaluate the health status of aquatic plant, and canonical correspondence analysis ( CCA ) was used to analysis the key environmental elements that affect the distribution of the hydrophytes. The results showed that there were 38 aquatic plant species which belonging to 25 families and 33 genera were recorded. The widespread plant species were Phragmites australis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Ceratophyllum demersum, Hydrilla verticillata, Polygonum hydropiper, Hydrocharis dubia and Potamogeton crispus. The results of health evaluation of the hydrophytes showed that the health status of aquatic plant presented sick to healthy state. The analysis indicated that the river ecological system was determined and in unstable situation Because of the influence of water pollution and intense human disturbance. The CCA of the hydrophytes and water environment factors showed that TP, COD, pH, Conductivity and Ammonia were the main factors influencing the distribution of aquatic plant.
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