锑是环境中广泛分布、具有慢性毒性和潜在致癌性的典型毒害重金属,是一种新共的全球性环境污染物.过去对锑的地球化学行为研究较多,但对岩溶地下水的环境质量影响的研究较少.选择锑矿和煤矿分布广泛的贵州晴隆县境内龙摆尾地下河为研究对象,对研究区的地表水和地下水的水化学特征和污染特征进行研究,以《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)和《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类标准值为评价标准对该地区水质予以评价.结果表明:在锑矿未开采情况下,第四系碧痕营组地下水中锑的浓度较高,平均值为1.55μg/L,最高为6.32 μg/L;锑、砷的迁移受氧化还原条件的控制;岩溶地下水整体来说水质符合生活饮用水标准,但碧痕营组水中锑、锰超标,龙潭组中节理裂隙水存在pH、锰超标情况;而煤矿开采污染的地表水中锰、铁的污染具有普遍性,含量均超过地表水环境质量标准的限值,且超标倍数较大.因此,该研究区岩溶地下水可直接作为饮用水源,而碧痕营组和龙潭组中地下水须做处理后才可饮用.%Antimony is widely distributed in the environmental compartments as a typically toxic heavy metal due to its chronic toxicity and possible carcinogenic.It is an emerging global environment pollutant.The geochemical behavior of antimony has been studied widely on ore concentration area.However,little attention has been paid to the environment quality impact on karst water.This study investigated water chemical and pollutional characteristics of surface water,groundwater that belong to Longbaiwei underground river basin.Quality of groundwater was assessed by taking the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006) and Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) as the standard.The results showed that in the circumstances that antimony mine is not exploited,Sb in the groundwater of Bihenying Formation has a high background value,the average and maximum value that are 1.55 pg/L and 6.32 μg/L respectively.The migration of Sb and As are controlled by the redox conditions.Most of water quality accord with drinking water standards in the whole karst groundwater,but have exceed the quality standard conditions of Sb,Mn in the groundwater of Bihenying Formation and pH,Mn in Longtan Formation.The content of Fe,Mn exceed the quality standard of surface water that wastewater produced by coal mining,overall have universal and a large excessive multiple.Therefore,the karst groundwater can be used as drinking water directly,and groundwater in Bihenying Formation and Longtan Formation should be dealt with before drinking in the study area.
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