沉积物中重金属的迁移转化影响机制研究

摘要

作为自然界中重金属的汇与源,沉积物对重金属的迁移转化有着重要的影响.全面地分析了沉积物的各种理化和生物性质对重金属迁移转化的影响机制,包括酸挥发性硫化物、有机质、质地(黏土,泥沙)、地理地势、生物有机体的行为活动以及其他相关的特性.另外,对重金属生物有效性的多种评价方法也进行了说明和讨论.最后,介绍了一些新型修复材料(如多聚硫化物、纳米材料等),为沉积物重金属污染的修复提供参考.%As the main sink and source of heavy metals,sediment played a significant role in the migration and transformation of heavy metals.This review comprehensively analyzed the mechanism of sediment physical-chemical and biological properties on transformation of heavy metals,exactly including how acid volatile sulfide (AVS),organic matter,texture (clay,silt and sand),hydrological condition,organism behaviors affect the bioavailability of metals in sediment.Additionally,various assessment methods of bioavailability of heavy metals were also discussed.Further,some novel materials such as polysulfides and nano-materials could be employed as promising adsorbents for the remediation of polluted sediment.