聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备、孔结构和排油性能

摘要

Based on polyether polyol PPO330 and toluene diisocyanate as raw material,two kinds of polyurethane soft foam (PUF) with different catalyst dosage were prepared by using one-step foaming process, and their pore structure and oil discharge performance were studied. The results show that the PUF bubble pore structure is regular and the bubble wall surface is smooth and uniform. The PUF–1 has larger pore diameter and higher porosity,and the porosities of the two kinds of PUF are more than 97%;With the increase of time,the oil absorption rate of PUF–1 amd PUF–2 to jet fueland military diesel oil all increase,and finally reach the maximum absorption rate (Qmax).Qmax of jet fuel are 29.48 g/g and 23.76 g/g respectively,Qmax of military diesel are 32.62 g/g and 25.24 g/g respectively. The centrifugal oil discharge rate of PUF to military diesel oil is about 25%, but the rate of PUF–2 to the jet fuel is 35.39%. The oil discharge rate of PUF for jet fuel and military diesel increased gradually with the increase of pressure,and the residual oil rate decreased gradually. Whenthe pressure increases to 6.23 kPa,the oil discharge rate of PUF for the two kinds of reached the maximum,the oil residual rate remained below 40%.%以聚醚多元醇PPO330和甲苯二异氰酸酯为原料，采用一步法发泡工艺，制备了两种催化剂用量不同的聚氨酯软质泡沫(PUF)，研究了它们的孔结构和排油性能。结果表明，PUF的泡孔结构较为规整且泡壁表面光滑均匀。其中PUF–1的孔径较大且开孔率较高，两种PUF的孔隙率都在97%以上；PUF–1，PUF–2对喷气燃料和军用柴油的吸油倍率均随着时间的增大而增大，最后达到最大吸油倍率(Qmax)；对喷气燃料的Qmax分别为29.48 g／g和23.76 g／g，对军用柴油的Qmax分别为32.62 g／g和25.24 g／g；PUF对军用柴油的离心排油率均达到25%左右，但PUF–2对喷气燃料的离心排油率达35.39%以上；PUF对喷气燃料和军用柴油的排油速率均随压强增大逐渐增大，油残存率则逐渐降低。当压强增大到6.23 kPa时，PUF对两种油品的排油速率达到最大，油残存率均保持在40%以下。