《巴黎协定》与全球气候治理体系的变迁

摘要

《巴黎协定》是气候变化国际治理体系的里程碑式成果。本文从全球气候治理体系变迁的视角，评述了《巴黎协定》在长期目标、减缓、资金、透明度和法律约束力等方面达成的主要成果，并分析了《巴黎协定》与《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》的异同和演进。从《巴黎协定》的主要内容看，国际气候治理体系正在向基于各国自主承诺的、自下而上的、松散的治理体系演进，共同但有区别的责任原则得到保留，但发达国家与发展中国家之间的义务也在趋同。《巴黎协定》的有效实施依赖于未来通过后续谈判确定的实施细则，协议目标的实现仍有较大的不确定性。%The Paris Agreement is a milestone outcome for the framework of global climate governance. This paper assessed the main elements of Paris Agreement on long-term goal, mitigation, finance, transparency and legal binding, analyzed the difference and evolution among the Convention and Kyoto Protocol. The global climate governance is evolving toward a system based on national determined contribution, bottom-up and loose system which maintained the common but differentiated responsibilities, but at the same time the commitment of developed and developing countries are converging. The effective implementation of Paris Agreement depends on the detailed rules to be negotiated in next two years but the achievement of those goals in the Agreement is still uncertain.