为了研究具有传感功能的可变电容器,采用新型介电弹性体材料制成平行板电容器.研究了该电容器充放电前后的外形变化及影响电容大小的因素.结果表明:在高压充放电前后,电容器的极板面积和两电极板间距离都发生了明显的变化；电容随着外加电压的增大而增大；在外加电压为6 000 V的条件下,电容随着材料预拉伸的增大出现一极大值,随后又减小,即在变化过程中存在拐点；另外,电容器的电极材料用石墨粉时要比用导电胶时电容大.%A new type of dielectric elastomer material was used into a parallel plate capacitor for the research of a sensing function variable capacitor. The difference of capacitor shape before and after discharge and the influence of the capacitance were studied. As a result, the areas and distance of two electrodes are changed obviously after discharge and the capacitance increases with the increasing of external voltage. A maximum capacitance value is obtained with the pre-stretching of the material and an inflection point is found in the changing process corresponding to 6 000 V external voltage. The capacitance is higher by using the powdered graphite than conductive adhesive as the electrode material.
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