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广东鹤山三种南亚热带人工林的生态系统服务价值动态

     

摘要

Based on long-term forest restoration studies at the Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystems, the dynamics of ecosystem service values of three lower subtropical forest plantations from 0 to 22 years old were revealed, using re-vised formulae and adjusted prices of the“Specification for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Services”in China (LY/T 1721-2008). The results showed that the development of ecosystem services of subtropical forest plantations had characteristics of non-linear and desynchrony. As a whole, the value on water conservation and the total ecosystem services increased quickly at the beginning, then slowed down, and finally kept on a relative constant state with small fluctuation. The value of carbon fixation, oxygen release and nutrients accumulation in biomass, increased quickly at the beginning, and followed by a slowly decrease. The value of service func-tions on biodiversity and soil conservations kept increasing during the 22 years period, but with large fluctuations. Water conserva-tion is the most valuable services of the three subtropical forest plantation in the 22 years, followed by carbon fixation, and oxygen release and biodiversity conservation. In the first 12 years, the ecosystem service value of Acacia managium plantation was higher than that of the other two plantations, then the differences among the three plantations were obviously reduced. Finally, the mixed native species plantation caught up to be the best one on providing ecosystem services a whole.%  在鹤山国家森林生态系统定位研究站长期定位研究的基础上,参照和修订了我国LY/T 1721-2008《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》给出的生态系统服务价值量化方法与服务价格,分析揭示了三种人工林生态系统0~22龄间的服务价值结构特点及其动态规律。结果显示:南亚热带人工林各生态系统服务呈现非线性、不同步的动态发展特征:涵养水源和总服务价值动态特征为先大幅上涨,然后上升速度减缓,最终维持在一定价值高度出现小幅波动;固碳释氧和林木积累营养物质价值动态特征为迅速增长,然后趋于缓慢下降;生物保育价值和保育土壤价值动态特征为一直处于上升态势,但上升过程中变幅较大。0~22龄间,涵养水源始终是三种人工林生态系统服务价值组成中的最大组分,其次是固碳释氧和生物保育。三种人工林相比,在12龄以前马占相思林生态系统服务总价值最高,之后三者生态系统服务总值差异明显变小,乡土混交林生态系统服务功能总价值逐渐超越马占相思林。

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