煤矸石污染水域和天然水域Cd元素在鲫鱼组织中的沉积规律

摘要

Coal gangue is the solid waste emissions in the process of coal mining and coal washing, which contains a lot of heavy metal: Cadmium (Cd), pose a serious threat to food security and human health. Study on the rule of the deposition of Cd in the tissues of fish from gangue pollution water of Yongcheng, Shangqiu. which can lay foundation for further study on harm to fish from Cd pollution and on food safety assessment of fish from the coal gangue polluted water. Methods:Cd was determined by using the flame atomic absorption method. Results: (1) The concentration of Cd in the gills, heart, muscle of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) from the coal mining subsidence area, were 1.0630±0.2784μg·g-1, 8.6389±3.2301μg·g-1, 1.1461±0.2046μg·g-1, which were higher than the tissues of crucian carp in natural pollution-free waters. The concentration of Cd in the gills, muscle were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). (2) In native waters, the rule of concentration of Cd in crucian carp was: liver>heart>muscle>gills. However, there was no significant difference between each tissues. In polluted water, the sedimentary rule of Cd in the crucian carp was: heart>muscle>liver>gills. Heart was much higher than in the other tissues. (3) An adult can be safe to eat the fish meat weekly from the two waters were respectively 823 g, 365 g; if more than these content, there would be a potential health threat. Conclusion: The concentration of Cd in gills, muscle of crucian carp in polluted waters was much higher than not polluted waters, Cd are more likely to deposited in the heart of crucian carp. If the consumption of fish meat from coal gangue pollution water is more than 365 g weekly, there will be a health threat.%煤矸石是采煤和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物，其中含有大量的重金属元素 Cd，煤矸石的无序排放不仅对环境造成了污染，而且也对人体健康和食品安全构成了严重的威胁。研究商丘永城采煤塌陷区煤矸石污染水域Cd在鱼体中的沉积规律，可为进一步研究Cd污染对鱼类的危害和对煤矸石污染水域鱼肉食品安全的评估奠定基础。本试验采用火焰原子吸收法测定了煤矸石污染水域和天然无污染水域鲫鱼各个组织中 Cd 的含量。结果表明，（1）塌陷区煤矸石污染水域鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）的鳃、心脏、肌肉中Cd含量分别为1.0630±0.2784、8.6389±3.2301、1.1461±0.2046μg·g-1均高于无污染天然水域鲫鱼相应组织的含量，其中鳃、肌肉中Cd含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。（2）天然水域中，Cd在鲫鱼体内的含量规律为：肝脏>心脏>肌肉>鳃，但是各组织间的含量差异不显著；而煤矸石污染水域中，Cd在鲫鱼体内沉积规律是：心脏>肌肉>肝脏>鳃，心脏中的含量远远高于其他组织。(3)一个成人每周可安全食用这两个水域的鱼肉量分别为823、365 g；若超过此含量，将存在着潜在健康威胁。结论：煤矿石污染水域鳃、肌肉组织中 Cd 含量远远高于天然水域，Cd 更易沉积在鲫鱼的心脏组织中，每周食用煤矸石污染水域鱼肉365 g以上就存在着健康威胁。