为探讨南方红壤地区土地利用的时间和空间变化及其对景观生态风险的影响, 以长汀县为典型研究区域, 以2000、2010、2015年的Landsat TM遥感影像为基础, 在ENVI5.0中对研究区进行监督分类, 在此基础上用Fragstats4.2计算研究区各类景观指数, 利用ArcGIS10.0地统计模块中普通克里格法进行空间插值, 对长汀县景观格局生态风险及其时空变化进行评估, 结果表明:2000-2015年长汀县景观格局复杂化, 主要表现为建筑用地、耕地和水域景观类型面积增加迅速, 草地面积减少明显.研究期间, 风险等级有先增后减的阶段性变化, 较高和高风险等级主要在中部一带延伸或缩小;2000—2010年研究区风险指数变大, 低风险等级和较低风险等级面积减少, 中等风险等级和高风险等级面积增加, 占总面积的66％, 区域风险等级明显升高, 生态环境质量下降;2010—2015年景观格局变化显著, 耕地、建筑用地、水域面积分别增加6033.72 hm2、3822.01 hm2、714.24 hm2, 草地面积减少, 高风险等级面积减少7％, 而低风险等级面积增加7％, 风险等级明显下降, 生态环境问题明显好转.%This study takes Changting County as the typical red soil research area, based on remote sensing imagery of Landsat TM in 2000, 2010, 2015, and carries on the supervision classification of the research area in ENVI5.0.On this basis, using the Fragstats4.2 computation area all kinds of landscape index, using the ArcGIS10.0 statistic module, the common kriging method for spatial interpolation, the ecological risk of the landscape pattern of Changting County and its temporal and spatial change were evaluated.The results showed that 2000-2015, the landscape pattern of Changting County changed markedly, with the construction land, cultivated land and water landscape type area increasing rapidly, and grassland area decreased obviously.The risk rank had the first increment after the period change.The higher and the high risk rank extended or dropped mainly in the middle area.In the 2000-2010, research area risk index became bigger.Low risk level and lower risk grade area decreased, moderate risk level and high risk grade area increased, accounting for 66％of total area.Regional risk rank increased markedly, and ecological environment quality decreased.In 2010-2015 landscape pattern changed significantly;cultivated land, construction land, water area increased 6033.72 hm2, 3822.01hm2, 714.24 hm2.Grassland area decreased, the high risk grade area decreased 7％, while the low risk grade area increased 7％.The risk level decreased obviously, and the eco-environmental problems were improved obviously.
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