转型时期，社会矛盾集中爆发，各类冲突频现，政府在冲突治理中应该扮演什么角色是一个不可回避的重要问题。文章在罗森布鲁姆的多元行政理论和蓝志勇关于冲突解决中政府角色类型研究的基础上，根据冲突的性质、类型和适用情境等因素，构建了一个冲突治理中政府角色的动态模型，并用以分析几个典型的冲突事件。研究发现：在冲突事件中，政府时常不止扮演一个角色，是多个角色的矛盾综合体；政府的角色会随着问题情境的变化而不断地发展变化，包括在结构型冲突情境中政府往往扮演着仲裁者的角色、在半结构型冲突情境中政府多为中立的观察者、在非结构型冲突中政府扮演着利益相关的冲突方的角色；如何理解和处理这个角色的转换，是一个需要从理论上深入分析研究、在实践中有高度自觉意识的重要问题。通过理论探讨和案例研究，揭示了政府应该自觉意识到自身在社会矛盾处理过程中应有的角色和功能，战略性地应对冲突、化解矛盾，加强法制意识和依法治国的措施，维护中国社会的长治久安。%The outbreak of social contradictions and all kinds of conflicts are frequent during the transition period,what is the role of government in governance of social conflicts is an important and unavoidable issue. Based on Rosenbroom’s diverse administrative theory and Lan Zhi-yong’s study on the role of government in conflict resolution,and the nature,type and applicable context of conflicts,the paper builds a dynamic model of the role of government in governance of social conflicts,and applies the model to analyze several typical social conflict events. The study shows that:The government often plays multiple roles and is a contradictory complex of multiple roles in social conflict events. The role of government varies in different conflict contexts,including the role of an arbitrator in the context of structural conflict,the role of an observer in the context of semi-structural conflict,and the role of a party to the conflict in the context of non structural conflict. How to understand and deal with the role of conversion is an important issue, which needs to be deeply studied in theory and have high consciousness in practice. Through a theoretical discussion and case study,the paper reveals that the government should be aware of their own role and function in the process of governance of social conflicts,strategically deal with and resolve conflicts,strengthen the legal consciousness and measures to govern the country by law and maintain the long-term stability of Chinese society.
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