Autophagy,the pathway whereby cell components are degraded by lysosomes,is involved in the cell response to environmental stresses,such as nutrient deprivation,hypoxia or exposition to chemotherapeutic agents.Under these conditions,which are reminiscent of certain phases of tumor development,autophagy either promotes cell survival or induces cell death. This strengthens the possibility that autophagy could be an important target in cancer therapy,as has been proposed.Here,we describe the regulation of survival and death by autophagy and apoptosis,especially in cultured breast cancer cells.In particular,we discuss whether autophagy represents an apoptosis-independent process and/or if they share common pathways. We believe that understanding in detail the molecular mechanisms that underlie the relationships between autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells could improve the available treatments for this disease.
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机译:Retraction statement: ‘Glabridin attenuates the migratory and invasive capacity of breast cancer cells by activating microRNA‐200c’ by Xianqing Ye, Fei Jiang, Yuan Li, Juan Mu, Lu Si, Xingxing Wang, Shilong Ning and Zhong Li
机译:Retraction Notice: Jinshui He Xu Zhang Chaowei Lian Jinzhi Wu Yanling Fang Xiaoling Ye. Exendin-4 prevented pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis in (Type I) diabetic mouse via keap1-Nrf2 signaling