Expressions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Carcinogenesis of Cervix: A Review

摘要

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides mostly transcribed by RNA which do not encode proteins. Previously, lncRNAs were considered transcriptional byproducts called “junk DNA” with no biological functions. There are many studies conducted on lncRNAs showing they are actively involved in regulation of epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional events. Expressions of lncRNAs are more different in many malignant tumors than in benign tumors and normal tissue. Aberration of lncRNAs is responsible to promote or suppress tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Under different circumstances, lncRNAs exhibit their roles in carcinogenesis such as MALAT1 is responsible for intervening mRNA instability, HOTAIR, MALAT1, ANRIL, PVT1 links with miRNA and histonemodifying complexes, MEG3 associates with miRNA, CCAT2, MEG3, GAS5, UCA1 allies with c-Myc or P53 causing suppression of tumor or oncogenesis. Abnormal expressions of lncRNAs are noticed in gynecological cancers, such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Identification of cervical cancer associated lncRNAs is necessary to understand the molecular biogenesis of cancers. In this review, we summarized the foundation and function of the lncRNAs in terms of tumor progression, invasion, prognosis, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemo-resistance. This review will provide references to determine the clinical applications of lncRNAs as ideal diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cervical cancers.