韩国基于风险的大坝安全管理研究现状

摘要

Once a dam has been built, the first responsibility of dam owners and engineers is to properly maintain it by performing inspection and safety assessment as required in the corresponding rules, regu⁃lations or acts. Until recently the dam safety assessments in Korea have been based on prescriptive and qualitative approaches which cannot take into account uncertainties in the nature. Currently, risk-based dam safety management is considered as a truly reliable alternative for next generation paradigm of dam safety management. This paper describes how the traditional and institutional systems in dam safety management are undertaken so far and how the risk-based dam safety management is imported as the new dam safety paradigm. Some guidelines and regulations about dam safety will be introduced to trace back the change history of dam safety management in Korea. Finally, an example of efforts to adopt the dam risk assessment for a dam as the new dam safety paradigm will be described briefly.%大坝一旦完建，大坝业主和大坝工程师的首要职责就是通过实施检查和安全评估对大坝进行合理的维护，这也是相关条例、法规和法案的要求。之前，韩国的大坝安全评估都是基于规范和定性的方法，没有考虑自然的不确定性。最近，基于风险的大坝安全管理被认为是大坝安全管理下一代范例中真正可靠的选择。笔者介绍了目前传统的制度体系在大坝安全管理中是如何运作的，以及基于风险的大坝安全管理是如何作为一种新的大坝安全范例来引进的。笔者还会介绍一些大坝安全导则和法规来追述韩国大坝安全管理的变化历史。最后，笔者将简要介绍某大坝在大坝风险评估方面开展的工作，这是新的大坝安全范例。