植物油基润滑油应用研究现状

摘要

Vegetable oil has biodegradability,low volatility and good lubricity and excellent viscosity temperature characteristics.But the vegetable oil cannot be directly used as lubricating base oil and lubricating oil additive because of its poor stability and low temperature performance.So vegetable oil must be modified before it is utilized as base oil or oil additive.In this paper,common chemical modification methods of vegetable oil was discussed,such as selective hydrogenation,ester exchange and epoxidation.The results show that epoxidation and ring opening reaction for introducing active groups and the free radical addition reaction of the double bond are the two effective methods for synthesis of the vegetable oil based lubricant additives.Finally,the research direction of modified vegetable oil as the base oil and additives was prospected.%植物油具有生物可降解性、低挥发性、优良的润滑性和良好的黏温性,但植物油存在热氧化安定性差、低温性能差等缺陷,不能直接作润滑油和润滑添加剂应用,需要对其进行改性.常用化学改性方法有选择性氢化、酯交换和环氧化等,其中环氧化-开环反应引入活性基团和双键上的自由基加成反应是合成植物基润滑油添加剂的两种有效的改性方法.最后,就改性植物油用作可降解润滑油基础油和添加剂提出了研究方向并做了展望.