矿井无线传感网的拓扑呈长距离带状,节点间能耗不均问题十分严重.非均匀分簇策略能从全局均衡节点能量负载,在矿井中具有良好的适用性.针对矿井传感网的带状特性提出了一个簇规模自适应调节的能量均衡分簇路由协议.协议根据节点离汇聚点的距离、剩余能量及分布密度来构造规模不等的簇.簇首的竞选以节点相对于周围候选者的能量水平为依据,避免了低能量节点被当选为簇首.簇间多跳路由算法依簇首近似线型的分布特点设计,不但考虑链路能耗最优,亦注重转发节点间的能量均衡.模拟实验结果表明.该路由协议显著平衡了网中节点能耗,延长了网络生存时间.%The topology of WSN in coal mine is band-type, which seriously constrained the energy balance among sensor nodes. Uneven clustering strategy can effectively balance energy consumption among nodes in the global sense,making it suitable for coal mine application. We presented an energy-balanced routing protocol on the basis of adaptive clustering mechanism which can construct unequal clusters according to the metrics such as distance to the sink node, energy level and node density. In competing cluster head, tentative cluster heads decided whether to become a cluster head according to the relative energy level compared with neighbor tentative nodes, avoiding the nodes having low energy level being cluster heads. During the data transmission stage, inter-cluster multi-hop routing algorithm was designed, taking the linear topology of cluster heads in to account. The algorithm not only considered the minimum energy consumption of the path but also concerned energy balance among forwarding nodes to protect those low-energy nodes. Simulation results show that the routing protocol dramatically balances the energy consumption among nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime.
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